Introduction
Mayer's theory is based on three assumptions suggested by cognitive research
Dual-channel assumption - The verbal and visual channels (similar to what Baddeley called phonological loop system and visuo-spatial sketchpad) in our working memory are separated and can be used for processing information simultaneously thus enhancing process of learning. The suggestion that human working memory has more sub-components firstly came from the working memory models designed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974 and reviewed by Baddeley in 1992. These findings where further incorporated to the Dual coding theory by Allan Paivio and later by Mayer and his colleagues. Multimedia learning refers to the use of visual and auditory teaching materials teaching and learning arena, it may include video, computer and other information technology. Whereas multimedia learning theory focuses on the principles that determine the effective use of multimedia in learning, with emphasis on using both the visual and auditory channels for information processing
Task
The concept multimedia is derived from the words ‘multi’ which means many or multiple; and ‘media/medium’ which refers to tool/vehicle or agent to present or communicate something
According to Mayer (1997) a generative theory of multimedia takes places to the learner in the roles of a “knowledge constructor who select and connect visual and verbal knowledge” (pg. 4) Mayer not that meaningful learning takes places when the person select the most important information, organizes it into a logical mental picture and integrates the information with existing information
A traditional way of thinking through something that is new is to receiver its histories of multimedia are still being negotiated and include the histories of different media, the history of computing and the history the critical theories applied to multimedia one history of multimedia is history of personal computer as it evolved from an institutional machines designed for numerical processing to a multimedia personal computer as it emerged after the world war it’s a general purposes through programing and peripherals. The history of computer since the ENIAC (1946) can be seen as the working out of this idea in different ways, including the techniques for managing different media while the first computer were designed solely to do scientific and applied numerical calculation, they were eventually extended to handle alphanumeric string (text) raster and vector graphics, audio moving pictures (video and animation) and finally three dimensional object and space. Today’s personal computer can handle
Process
Limited capacity assumption - As Miller's Information processing theory has shown, these channels have limited capacity and limited time they can hold information. Too much information can therefore cause cognitive overload.
Active-processing assumption - Learning is an active process of collecting, organizing and integrating new information. Similarities with constructivist learning may be noticed in this definition.
Mayer’s multimedia cognitive theory of learning contends that words and pictures presented to the learner via a multimedia presentation are processed along two separate, non-conflicting channels (figure 1). They enter the sensory memory through the ears and eyes. Words and images are actively selected by the learner from the sensory memory and enter the working memory where they are organized into a verbal model and a pictorial model. Each channel can process only a few “chunks” of information at a given time in working memory. The two models are then integrated with prior knowledge retrieved from long-term memory. This integration occurs within the working memory following each segmented portion of instruction offered to the learner in the multimedia presentation.
Evaluation
Though test
Though quetion and answer
Interview
Conclusion
The work was best to learners