Introduction
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has created Unprecendented public health challenges and spurred a global race to develop and distribute one more viable vaccine.The challenge of vaccine development is matched by the challenge of vaccine distribution to the population writ large.
Although a vaccine is not yet available lessons learned from the acquisition and distribution of COVID-19 diagnostic and Therapeotics suggest that governors may want to begin addressing the challenges of mass distribution before its arrival.
Immunizing the population against Covid-19 will likely require the single largest vaccination campaign ever undertaken and governors will play a key role in bringing together leaders from their state public health, Immunizing and emergency management systems to design and execute the operation.
As with many COVID-19 activities a whole of government response with abroad participation by health and human services,economic development,education and public safety agencies as well as private sector partners and the public will be critical to its success.
Task
Attention has so far focussed almost exclusively on promoting research and early stage development of vaccines. But scientific breakthroughs – necessary though they are – are not enough. To end the pandemic, health systems have to vaccinate 50 to 75% of the global population. This requires building manufacturing and distribution capacity, making a new vaccine affordable, deciding who should get access first and planning massive vaccination campaigns. Policy has only recently been refocused on building capacity in some countries, but not in a co-ordinated way, which is a mistake.
Although there are differences to vaccines, many of the same challenges in building capacity and ensuring population access also apply to medicines for treating COVID‑19. International pharmaceutical supply chains need to be reinforced to facilitate the arrival of these products.
Process
Vaccines contains tiny fragments of the disease causing organism or the blueprints for making the tiny fragments.They also contain other ingredients are included an most vaccines and have been used dir decades in billions of doses of vaccine.
Each vaccine component serves a specific purpose and each ingredient is tested for safety. All vaccines contain an active component which generates an immune response or the blueprint for making the active component. The antigen may be a small part of the disease-causing organism like a protein or sugar or it may be the whole organism in a weekend or inactive form.
Phase 1 => The vaccine is given to small number of volunteers to assess its safety confirm it generates an immune response and determine the right dosage.
Phase 2=> The vaccine is then given to several hundred volunteers to further assess its safety and ability to generate an immune response.
Phase 3=> The vaccine is next given to thousands of volunteers and compared to a similar group of people who didn't get the vaccine but received a comparator product to determine if the vaccine is effective against the disease it is designed to protect against tand to study its safety in a much larger group of people.
Evaluation
Lockdown and social distancing measures to prevent spread of COVID-19 have heightened fears of increasing levels of domestic violence, which includes physical, emotional and sexual abuse.
Refuge, one of the UK's domestic abuse charities, has reported a 25% increase in calls made to its helpline since lockdown measures were announced.
The concentrated time spent in lockdown means that vulnerable people are more exposed to abuse and it is more difficult for them to seek help. In response to increasing concern, the UK government has published guidelines on how to recognise domestic abuse, how to report it and where, with a list of all the services available.
Conclusion
Therefore I conclude that the disease corona virus continues to spread across the word following a trajectory that is difficult to predict. The health,humanitarian and socio-economic policies adopted by countries will determine the speed and strength of the recovery. A coordinated global effort is required to support countries that correctly do not have sufficient fiscal space to finance social policy. In particular universal social protection systems. Debt sustainability should be prioritized in this endeavor we know that someday we will wake up and free from this chaos for now all we can do is just to be more careful and follow the health protocols that the implementing for the safety of our family.
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Finding a vaccine that works
Across the world there are multiple teams working on various forms of vaccines, and the hope is that several will ultimately be approved. Given the need for rapid development, many of the regulatory hurdles have been relaxed to speed up processes - which can typically take up to a decade.