Teachers should teach it nicely.....
Introduction
INTRODUCTION [SAILING SPORT]
Sailing refers to using sailboats for sporting purposes. It can be recreational or competitive.
Sailing is the main variety of yachting, and competitive sailing the main variety of yacht racing. A sailing competition is known as a regatta, usually consists of multiple individual races, where the boat that performs best in each race is the overall winner. There is a broad variety of kinds of races and sailboats used for racing from large yacht to dinghy racing. Much racing is done around buoys or similar marks in protected waters, while some longer offshore races cross open water. All kinds of boats are used for racing, including small dinghies, catamarans, boats designed primarily for cruising, and purpose-built raceboats. The Racing Rules of Sailing govern the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind.
Task
RULES
The Racing Rules of Sailing (often abbreviated to RRS) govern the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind. A new revision is published every four years (after the Olympic Games) by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF), the sport's world governing body. The current edition (2013–2016) can be downloaded at the International Sailing Federation.[1]
1997 saw the most dramatic simplification to the Racing Rules of Sailing since the 1940s. They are based on four main right of way rules: [Part 2, Section A]
- Boats on a port tack shall keep clear of boats on starboard tack (Rule 10).
- When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, the boat to windward (the boat closest to the wind) shall keep clear of a leeward boat (Rule 11).
- When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, the boat that is astern shall keep clear of the boat ahead. (Rule 12).
- When a boat is tacking (changing tack) it shall keep clear of boats that are not tacking (Rule 13).
Four rules with general limitations: [Part 2, Section B]
- Even if you have right-of-way, it is your duty to avoid a collision, once it becomes apparent that the other boat is not keeping clear (Rule 14).
- If you acquire right of way, you must initially give the other boat room to keep clear, unless you get right of way because of the other boat's actions. (Rule 15)
- A boat that changes course, even if it has the right-of-way, shall do so in a manner that gives the burdened boat a chance to "keep clear" (Rule 16).
- If you catch up with another boat and you want to pass it to leeward, you may not sail above your proper course i.e. you shall not luff higher than you would have done if that boat wasn't there (Rule 17)
Three rules about marks and obstructions [Part 2, Section C] and Three other rules about starting errors, taking penalties, moving astern and when you are capsized or anchored or run aground and finally about interfering with another boat.
In total there are 91 rules but (since the major simplification in 1997) only 15 rules govern what boats do when they meet on the water (part 2 rules). It is not necessary to know all of the rules to successfully compete in a dinghy race, but a knowledge of the basics is recommended.
Sailboat racing is a self-regulated sport. As stated by the Racing Rules of Sailing, "Competitors in the sport of sailing are governed by a body of rules that they are expected to follow and enforce. A fundamental principle of sportsmanship is that when competitors break a rule they will promptly take a penalty, which may be to retire.".[2]
Depending on the nature of the infraction, the penalty may be either: (1) performing a turn consisting of one tack and one gybe or (2) performing two turns consisting of two tacks and two gybes (except for windsurfing).
For most rules infractions, a competitor may be absolved from disqualification from the race by taking such a penalty. However, if the infraction caused injury or serious damage, or produced a significant advantage in the race or series, the penalty shall be to retire. If a competitor fails to take penalty turn(s) they may be disqualified after a hearing by the Protest Committee. The aforementioned principles do not apply to match racing (like the America's Cup) where on-the-water umpires impose penalties immediately after an infraction occurs.
Process
PLAYERS
Sailing usually consists of multiple individual races.
It is played individually.
It is an individual sport.
Evaluation
EQUIPMENT
Ballast
Extra weight carried for stability, usually lodged in the keel.
Boom
A horizontal pole or spar to which the bottom of a sail is attached.
Catamaran
A boat with parallel twin hulls.
Centreboard
A movable, fin-shaped protrusion under the hull that prevents a boat from sliding sideways and is used to right capsized dinghies.
Dinghy
A small sailing boat or rowing boat.
Elliott 6m
A three person keelboat used for women's match racing at the Olympic Games and making its debut in 2012.
Finn
A one person centreboard dinghy class used for open competition in the Olympic Games. It was first used at the Olympic Games in 1952 and has been part of every Olympic Games since.
Forestay
The rigging that secures the mast forward.
49er
A two person, high-performance dinghy class with a low hull and wings, used for open competition in the Olympic Games.
470
A two person dinghy class used for men's and women's competition in the Olympic Games. It was the equipment for the first women’s sailing event in the 1988 Olympic Games.
Genoa
The larger triangular forward sail in a sloop-rigged boat.
Headsail
The sail in front of the mast.
Hull
The main body of a vessel.
Jib
The smaller triangular forward sail in a sloop-rigged boat.
Keel
A fixed, fin-shaped protrusion on the bottom of the hull that prevents a boat from sliding sideways.
Keelboat
A sailing boat with a fixed keel.
Kite
Colloquial for "spinnaker", a large, billowing, often colourful sail used to obtain greater boat speed during downwind sailing, usually set in front of or instead of the jib and carried by the 470, 49er and Elliott 6m Olympic classes.
Laser
A one person centreboard dinghy class, the most popular one-design class in the world, used for men-only competition in the Olympic Games.
Laser radial
A one person centreboard dinghy class, with a slightly smaller rig and sails than the “Laser”, used for women-only competition in the Olympic Games. The Laser Radial made its Olympic debut in 2008.
Mainsail
The larger sail behind the mast.
Mainsheet
The rope which controls the movement of a mainsail.
Mast
A vertical spar or pole to which a sail or sails attach.
Rig
Term used to collectively refer to the mast, sails and supporting wires.
RS:X
A windsurfer class used for men's and women's competition in the Olympic Games. The RS:X made its Olympic debut in 2008.
Rudder
A vertical board hinged to the back of a boat that turns the craft.
Sailboard
A lightweight, surfboard-like craft with a mast, boom and sail, on which the rider stands; also known as a "windsurfer".
Sheet
A rope used to control and tension the sail.
Skiff
A lightweight, high performance dinghy used for men's competition in the Olympic Games
Skud18
A two person keelboat used for open competition at the Paralympic Games.
Sloop rig
A sail plan composed of two sails - a mainsail and a jib, or genoa.
Sonar
A three-person keelboat used for open competition in the Paralympic Games.
Spar
A general term referring to a boat's mast, boom and spinnaker pole, usually of an aluminium or carbon-fibre composition.
Spinnaker
A large, billowing, often colourful sail used to obtain greater boat speed during downwind sailing, usually set in front of or instead of the jib and carried by the 470, 49er and Elliott 6m Olympic classes; also known as a "kite".
Star
A two-person keelboat used for men's competition in the Olympic Games. The oldest Olympic Class, having made its debut at the 1932 Games.
Stay
A strong rope, commonly made of wire, used to support a mast.
Tiller
A handle attached to the rudder and used by the skipper to control steering.
Tornado
A two-person catamaran class was used in open competition in the Olympic Games from 1976 to 2008.
Trapeze
Gear fitted to enable crew to put all of their weight outboard. The crew wears a harness which attaches to a wire attached to the mast.Used by the 470 and 49er Olympic classes.
2.4MR
A one person, displacement keelboat class used for open competition in the Paralympic Games.
Windsurfer
A lightweight, surfboard-like craft with a mast, boom and sail, on which the rider stands; also known as a "sailboard".
Yngling
A three person keelboat used for women-only competition at the Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008.
Conclusion
MY VIEWS
I like the sport sailing very much.....
Credits
CREDITS
I want to give credit to my teacher and my parents...........