All About Volcanoes!

Introduction

What are volcanoes made of? How do they grow? These questions have an intriguing explanation which students will look into. During this activity, discover the Earth's geologic architects: the Volcanoes. These fiery peaks have belched up molten rock, hot ash, and gas since Earth formed billions of years ago. Students will investigate what's inside volcanoes, what causes a volcano to be active or dormant, and the characteristics of the rocks that volcanoes generate through two practical exercises. The class will end with an amazing presentation to encourage students to consider the various kinds of volcanic eruptions and the consequences they have on

people as well as other living creatures.

Task

Students will learn the formation and development of volcanoes. They will learn that not all mountains are volcanoes. They will identify two kinds of igneous rocks and separate them into groups: either from lava (which cools quickly outside the earth) or from magma (which cools slowly inside the earth). They will also learn the difference between gray (explosive eruptions) and red (effusive eruptions) volcanoes and how it affects the risk of eruptions.

Process

When the class begins, students should take their seats at the middle carpet. After that, students are split up into three groups, with each group engaging in two hands-on activities at their locations. The students should return to the carpet area where we will demonstrate various forms of volcano eruptions using containers for washing and small amounts of baking soda, vinegar, mentos, and coke. After the activity, we will need a sink for cleanup.

1. Introduction (10 minutes)

Let's start the lesson by introducing ourselves! Each team member should give a brief introduction of themselves and what they will do if they were a scientist/geologist. After introducing yourselves , take some time to discuss the subject of this lesson: volcanoes and their features. Throughout the activity, your presentation should focus on this topic: volcanoes are dynamic, diverse landforms that have the ability to grow and change.

Teaching Instructions: Speak, Write, Perform

Bring in pictures and props to support the topic introduction
Write keywords/vocabulary words related to the topic, brainstorm ideas, and important concepts on the board.
Refer back to the board and engage ideas to your classmates

2. Learning Experience (30 minutes)

Three groups will be formed. There will be tree stations around the room, and each group will sit at one of them and take part in two activities there. The leader from each group will guide their teammates through two activities at the station that focuses on the characteristics of volcanoes. Keep in mind that each exercise is intended to cover the following key idea: volcanoes are dynamic and several landforms with the ability to grow and change.

Activity 1

Topic: How do volcanoes grow?

Start a discussion about volcanoes
Perform the Volcano Modeling activity
Connect the activity to the big picture

Activity 2

Topic: Igneous rock sorting

Engage a conversation about rock formation from volcanoes
Perform the igneous rock sorting activity
Connect the activity to the big picture

Activity 3

Topic: Eruptive Styles

Engage a conversation about volcanic eruptions
Perform the volcano eruption simulations
Connect the activity to the big picture

3. Wrap Up: Review and Discuss the Learning Experience (5 minutes)

Ask students for the wrap-up discussion
Let students to think about any additional questions they may have regarding volcanoes.

Resources:

Evaluation

Criteria for Teaching Instructions: Speak, Write, Perform

	10 pts	8 pts	5 pts	2 pts
Organization	The presentation was well organized, well prepared and easy to follow.	The presentation had arranged concepts, but there could have been a lot more more robust with improved readiness.	There were minor signs of the organization.	There was no preparation and the presentation was disorganized.
Content	The presentation had a remarkable and important content and was really advantageous to the class	The presentation comprised some sufficient content and benefited the class.	The presentation had few times of important content, however, the whole content was lacking.	Presentation had minimal to nothing worthwhile substance.
Presentation	The presenters were all very confident, prepared, and they all performed an excellent job of engaging the class.	The presentation was not as entertaining for the class as it should have been, despite the presenters' occasional displays of confidence.	The students lack a little confidence and preparedness, and they had some brief engagement of the class.	The students have no confidence and showed minimal proof of organizing.
Creativity	The presentation was ordered and well-prepared. The text was understandable, clear, and creative.	The presentation was organized and somewhat prepared. The text was understandable, clear, and creative.	The presentation was disorganized and not prepared. The text was a little bit readable and clean, with the letters disorganized.	There was no presentation prepared.

Criteria for Volcano Eruption Model

	10 pts	8 pts	5 pts	2 pts
Quality of Construction	The model shows outstanding attention to detail. Everything is firmly and properly attached. There is nothing dangling over the sides. It looks quite realistic.	The model shows meticulous construction. The majority of things are firmly and carefully fastened. Something dangles over the edge. It looks a little bit realistic.	The model shows some careful construction. A few things are firmly and meticulously attached. Three or two things dangle over the sides. Its appearance is not very realistic.	The model's assembly was poor. There was little effort put into the construction, and it doesn't look realistic.
Function	The size of the volcano's opening and the container inside are suitable for an eruption. There was an eruption inside the container.	The volcano's opening is the right size, but the interior container is far too big. The eruption was contained in the pan or box.	The pan or box did not contain the eruption, but the top of the volcano and the container inside are of the proper sizes.	The volcano's top is too large, and the eruption was not contained by the pan or box.
Materials for Construction	The right materials were chosen and carefully applied.	Some of the right materials were chosen and carefully applied.	Few of the right materials were chosen and carefully applied.	No right materials were used.
Color and Creativity	The features of the volcano are creative and has an creative design that makes significant use of color.	The volcano's color scheme and design were excellent and visually appealing.	Not very detailed, but okay in terms of color and creativity.	The feature of the volcano is too plain, dull, and unimaginative.

Conclusion

Summary:

Students should be reminded that science provides information on volcanoes.
Find out from the students what questions they have about science or becoming scientists.
End by saying "good bye" and "thank you," and urge the children to continue thinking about the planet and volcanoes.
Remind the students to cleanup after.

Connections to the real world around students: Mayon Volcano is the most active volcano in the Philippines. It is considered as the perfect cone due to its symmetric conical form. This symmetry has been sculpted by centuries of eruption cycles, making it a geological wonder. There is also a local volcano found in Canlaon City located in Negros Oriental. The Canlaon Volcano errupted last June 3, 2006, and 23 ash eruptions occurred until 25th July. The eruptions were phreatic, and emitted ash and steam 2 km above the crater. No significant seismic activity occurred before or after the ash emissions, indicating the explosions were near surface hydrothermal events.

Credits

Teacher Page

The content was made with the use of WebQuest (https://www.createwebquest.com/user/register) and the information came from online science textbooks. The goal of this content is to promote learning.