Introduction
son el conjunto de reglas básicas sobre la transmisión por herencia genética de las características de los organismos progenitores a su descendencia. Son la base de la genética. Las leyes se derivan del trabajo sobre cruces de plantas de Gregor Mendel, un monje agustino austriaco, publicado en 1865 y 1866, aunque fue ignorado durante mucho tiempo hasta su redescubrimiento.
biografia de mendel
https://images.app.goo.gl/shyhFtL5spnrT3gB9
Gregor Mendel (Johann Gregor or Gregorio Mendel; Heizendorf, today Hyncice, current Czech Republic, 1822 - Brünn, today Brno, id., 1884) Austrian monk and botanist who formulated the laws of biological inheritance that bear his name. His rigorous experiments on the phenomena of heredity in plants constitute the starting point of genetics, one of the fundamental and emblematic branches of modern biology
His father was a veteran of the Napoleonic wars, and his mother - the daughter of a gardener. After a childhood marked by poverty and hardship, in 1843 Johann Mendel entered the Augustinian monastery of Königskloster, near Brünn, where he took the name of Gregor and was ordained a priest in 1847
The core of his work (which began in the year 1856 from crossbreeding experiments with peas carried out in the monastery garden) allowed him to discover the three laws of inheritance or Mendel's laws, thanks to which it is possible to describe the mechanisms of heredity and that would be explained later by the father of modern experimental genetics, the American biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945)
https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel
its laws
The three laws discovered by Mendel are stated as follows: according to the first, when two pure varieties of the same species are crossed, the descendants are all equal; the second affirms that, when crossing the hybrids of the second generation with each other, the descendants are divided into four parts, of which three inherit the so-called dominant character and one the recessive; finally, the third law concludes that, in the event that the two starting varieties differ from each other in two or more characters, each of them is transmitted independently of the others. To carry out his work, Mendel did not choose species, but well-established self-fertile races of the species Pisum sativum. The first phase of the experiment consisted of obtaining (through previous conventional cultures) constant inbred lines and methodically collecting part of the seeds produced by each plant. He then crossed these strains, two by two, using the artificial pollination technique. In this way it was possible to combine, two by two, different varieties that present very precise differences between them (smooth seeds-wrinkled seeds; white flowers-colored flowers, etc.).
https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyes_de_Mendel