Introduction
Pretest LO 2
Direction: Multiple Choice: Use this a questionnaire and select the letter of the correct answer. Answers only, you may send your answers through our group chat.
__________1. The cross disciplinary area concerned with the safety, health and
welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
a.) Waste management
b) PEC
c) ACGIH
d) OHS
__________2. the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and
monitoring of waste materials.
a) Waste management
b) PEC
c) ACGIH
d) OHS
_________3. TLV means;
a) Threshold limited value
b) Threshold live value
c) Threshold limit value
_________4. TWA means:
a) Time-wasted Average
b) Time-weighted average
c) Total-weighted average
_________5. TLV-C means;
a) Threshold limit value-ceiling
b) Threshold limited value-ceiling
c) Threshold live
value-ceiling
_________6. One type of hazard that needs careful evaluation before extinguishing
a) Chemical
b) Water
c) Fire
_________7. It is a fifteen minutes exposure to risk.
a) TLV-STEL
b) TLV-C
c) TLV-TWA
_________8. Chemicals with lower flash points present a greater ____________.
a) Personal hazard
b) flammability hazard
c) explosion hazard
_________9. Process where a person identify, evaluate and determine the solution
to the risks.
a) Chemical assessment
b) Risk assessment
c) Physical assessment
________10. ) Any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of
the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid
substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country
harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which
will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural,
recreational, or other legitimate purposes.
a) Pollution
b) atmospheric pollution
c) air pollution
Brief Introduction
WHAT IS A RISK ASSESSMENT?
Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
The goal of all occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work
environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who
are impacted by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among many subject
areas, including occupational medicine, occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public
health, safety engineering / industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics.
Risks include acute and chronic health effects, for example, irritation or cancer, and
physical effects such as fires or explosions. The hazards are physical and health hazards.
Task
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to evaluate hazards and risks;
Terms of maximum tolerable limits are identified based on threshold; limit values (TLV);
Effects of hazards are determined;OHS issues and concerns are identified in accordance with;
and workplace requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation.
Process
I. Risk Assessment
A. Risk assessment is the process where you:
1. identify hazards
2. analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
3. determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard
B. Factors that influence the degree of risk include:
how much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition
how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact), and how severe
are the effects under the conditions of exposure
II. Fire and Explosion Hazard Assessment
Fire is one type of hazard that needs careful evaluation before extinguishing it. Not all fire
could be extinguished by water that is why it is necessary that we knew first the cause of fire
before dealing the fire.
1. Flash Point and Method Used: Lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough
flammable vapors to ignite. Since flash points vary according to how they are obtained, the
method used must be listed. Chemicals with lower flash points present a greater flammability
hazard.
2. Flammable Limits: Range of concentrations over which a flammable vapor mixed with air
will flash or explode if an ignition source is present. Range extends between lower explosive
limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL) and is expressed in percentage of volume of
vapor or gas in air (0 – 100%). Chemicals with a broad flammable range (i.e., range between the LEL and the UEL)
and/or a flammable range in the lower percentages, present a greater flammability hazard.
3. Extinguishing Media: Fire-fighting material for use on substance that is burning, Fire-
fighting material should be indicated by its generic name (e.g. water, foam, dry chemical,
etc.).
III. Waste management
Is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and
monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health,
the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on
delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. The management of wastes treats all
materials as a single class, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, and
tried to reduce the harmful environmental impacts of each through different methods.
Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations,
for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-
hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the
responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous
commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999
(Refer to Appendix 1 for elaboration)
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 under its ―Declaration of Principles” stated
that the State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced
and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
Declaration of Policies. The State shall pursue a policy of balancing
development and environmental protection. To achieve this end, the frame-
work for sustainable development shall be pursued.
Recognition of Rights. Pursuant to the above-declared principles, the following
rights of citizens are hereby sought to be recognized and the State shall seek to
guarantee their enjoyment.
Definitions.- As used in this Act:
a.) “Air pollutant” means any matter found in the atmosphere other than
oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in
their natural or normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or
the environment, which includes, but not limited to smoke, dust, soot,
cinders, fly ash, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, chemical
mists, steam and radioactive substances;
b) “Air pollution” means any alteration of the physical, chemical and
biological properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of
any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or
to render the air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or
injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect
their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural,
recreational, or other legitimate purposes;
c) “Ambient air quality guideline values” means the concentration of air over
specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are
intended to serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health
and/or public welfare. These values shall be used for air quality
management purposes such as determining time trends, evaluating
stages of deterioration or enhancement of the air quality, and in general,
used as basis for taking positive action in preventing, controlling, or
abating air pollution;
d) “Ambient air quality” means the general amount of pollution present in a
broad area; and refers to the atmosphere’s average purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of
pollution;
e) “Certificate of Conformity” means a certificate issued by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer /
assembler or importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or
vehicle type meets the requirements provided under this Act and its
rules and regulations;
f) “Department” means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources;
g)“Eco-profile” means the geographic-based instrument for planners and
decision makers which present an evaluation of the environment quality
and carrying capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of
primary data and information on natural resources and antropogenic
activities on the land which were evaluated by various environmental
risk assessment and forecasting methodologies that enable the
Department to anticipate the type of development control necessary in
the planning area.
h)“Emission” means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or
unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the
atmosphere;
i) “Greenhouse gases” means those gases that can potentially or can
reasonably be expected to induce global warming, which include
carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, chloroflourocarbons, and the like;
j) “Hazardous substances” means those substances which present either: (1)
short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion,
inhalation, or skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact
hazard or the risk of fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon
repeated exposure, carcinogecity (which in some cases result in acute
exposure but with a long latent period), resistance to detoxification
process such as biodegradation, the potential to pollute underground
or surface waters;
k) “Infectious waste” means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an
infectious disease;
l) “Medical waste” means the materials generated as a result of patient
diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals;
m) “Mobile source” means any vehicle propelled by or through
combustion of carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of
property goods;
n) “Motor vehicle” means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine
or by any means other than human or animal power, constructed and
operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation
of property or goods in a public highway or street open to public use;
o) “Municipal waste” means the waste materials generated from
communities within a specific locality;
p) "New vehicle” means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has
never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate
agency or authority, and operated on the highways of the
Philippines, any foreign state or country;
q) “Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index(AKI)” means the rating of the anti-
knock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as
determined by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane
Number (RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane
requirement, with respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor
vehicle or a class thereof, whether imported, manufactured, or
assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer to the minimum octane rating
of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer recommends for
the efficient operation of such motor vehicle, or a substantial portion of
such class, without knocking;
r) “Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)” means those substances that
significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner
that is likely to result in adverse effects of human health and
the environment such as, but not limited to, chloroflourocarbons, halons
and the like;
s) “Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)” means the organic
compounds that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the
food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health
and the environment. These compounds resist photolytic, chemical and
biological degradation, which shall include but not be limited to dioxin,
furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides,
such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere
and chlordane;
t) “Poisonous and toxic fumes” means any emissions and fumes which are
beyond internationally - accepted standards, including but not limited to
the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values;
u) “Pollution control device" means any device or apparatus used to prevent,
control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control
standards established by the Department;
v) “Pollution control technology” means the pollution control devices,
production process, fuel combustion processes or other means that
effectively prevent or reduce emissions or effluent;
w) “Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of air pollutant
which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the
application of the best system of emission reduction, taking
into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air
quality health and environmental impact and energy requirement which
the Department determines, and adequately demonstrates; and
x) “Stationary source” means any building or immobile structure, facility or
installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant.
Evaluation
How much have you learned
TEST 1
DIRECTIONS: Multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer in google docs and send it on my gmail( manalomariacamila23@gmail.com) together with test 2.
_________1. Chemicals with lower flash points present a greater ____________.
a) Personal hazard
b) flammability hazard
c) explosion hazard
d) skin hazard
_________2. Process where a person identify, evaluate and determine the solution
to the risks.
a) Chemical assessment
b) Risk assessment
c) Physical assessment
d) NC assessment
_________3. Any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the
atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances
that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful,
detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely
affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or
other legitimate purposes.
a) Pollution
b) atmospheric pollution
c) air pollution
_________4. The cross disciplinary area concerned with the the safety, health and
welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
a.) Waste management
b) PEC
c) ACGIH
d) OHS
__________5. the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and
monitoring of waste materials.
a) Waste management
b) PEC
c) ACGIH
d) OHS
TEST 2
How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.
A. Do the activity at home or during vacant time
1. Download and watch video presentation on different hazards and risk.
2. Make a short write-up on the video presentation you have watched.
B. Answer the following questions
1. What type of hazard was viewed in the video?
2. What risks were involved?
3. If you are going to evaluate the hazard and risk you had viewed, what
possible recommendations will you give? Why?
Credits
Safeti. (2020). What is risk assessment ? What, why and when for health and safety. Youtube. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/9BJNq_f7OME
Sidjabat, F. M. (2017). Fire & Explosion:Identification, Safe handling and Risk Assessment. Youtube. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/nCySBnmyaUc