Introduction
Goodday Grade 11,
Hope you are all keeping well and safe during this pandemic.
Please watch the Introductory video as we begin with a new topic and concept this week. Please pay attention as it is necessary for you to understand what we are dealing with.
Task
Complete the following task as it is your first task for this term and will count towards your overall term mark and your final end-year mark.
Task 1: Micro-organisms
Due: 3 September 2021 Total: 20 Marks
Instructions
1)Answer the following questions thoroughly and completely as guided after you have analysed your data as provided. Submit via Google classroom.
Question 1
Study the extract below about malaria.
|
Malaria is a parasitic disease which occurs mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is transmitted in humans through the bite by a female mosquito of the Anopheles species, which is the vector for the parasite. The most effective way of managing malaria is to destroy its vector. An insecticide which has been successful to date is DDT. The inner walls of the house are sprayed with DDT so that the mosquitos die if they sit on or near them. However, the use of DDT has been banned since 1972. In South Africa, the incidence of malaria has been less than 10 000 cases per year. South Africa only stopped its use of DDT in 1996. The number of infections recorded since increased to 64 000 in 2000. When the use of DDT was re-introduced only for disease-vector control, the reported cases decreased to 7 000 in 2005 in South Africa. |
1.1) State any TWO ways to avoid contracting malaria. (2)
1.2) What is a vector? (1)
1.3) Which genus is the vector for the malarial parasite? (1)
1.4) Describe how the malaria parasite is passed from one person to another. (2)
1.5) Explain how an increase in the number of malaria infections would affect
the South African economy. (2)
1.6) Suggest ONE way in which the data about the number of infections may
have been collected. (1)
1.7) Give ONE reason why the number of infections might have been more
than the estimated 7 000 in the year 2005 (1)
Question 2
The table below shows the number of cases of TB and the number of deaths from TB around the world in 2009.
Use the information in the table to answer the questions that follow.
| Region |
Number of TB cases (in 1000's) |
Number of deaths from TB (in 1000's) |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 3900 | 430 |
| The Americas | 350 | 20 |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 1000 | 99 |
| Europe | 560 | 62 |
| South-East Asia | 4900 | 480 |
| Western Pacific | 2900 | 240 |
2.1) State the total number of deaths from TB in Africa. (1)
2.2) Calculate the percentage of deaths from TB compared to the number of cases of TB in Africa.
Show your working.
(3)
2.3) Draw a bar graph to show the number of deaths from TB for the following 4 regions:
Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and Western Pacific. (6)
Due: 3 September Total: 20
Process
Topic 3: Micro-organisms
Good day grade 11, Our first lesson and topic on microorganisms that we will be dealing with is Malaria. Please watch the video below as it entails important information and will help you on your quest to respond to your task adequately. One of the most important facts that you need to know about malaria is its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and pathology of the organism and the disease caused by this organism.
So what are Micro-organisms and what do they mean to human health ? find it more here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism
More information discussed in the above video can be found here: https://www.healthline.com/health/malaria as it will guide you clearly on what you suppose to know.
What is Malaria exactly?
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable. There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and 2 of these species – Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax – pose the greatest threat.
In 2019, nearly half of the world's population was at risk of malaria. Most cases and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the WHO regions of South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific, and the Americas also report significant numbers of cases and deaths.
There were an estimated 229 million cases of malaria in 2019, and the estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 409 000. The WHO African Region carries a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden. In 2019, the region was home to 94% of malaria cases and deaths.
Children under 5 years of age are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria; in 2019, they accounted for about two-thirds of all malaria deaths worldwide.
Symptoms:
Malaria is an acute febrile illness. In a non-immune individual, symptoms usually appear 10–15 days after the infective mosquito bite. The first symptoms – fever, headache, and chills – may be mild and difficult to recognize as malaria. If not treated within 24 hours, Plasmodium falciparum malaria can progress to severe illness, and lead to death.
Children with severe malaria frequently develop one or more of the following symptoms: severe anaemia, respiratory distress in relation to metabolic acidosis, or cerebral malaria. In adults, multi-organ failure is also frequent. In malaria-endemic areas, people may develop partial immunity, allowing asymptomatic infections to occur.
Some population groups are at considerably higher risk of contracting malaria, and developing severe disease, than others. These include infants, children under 5 years of age, pregnant women and patients with HIV/AIDS, as well as non-immune migrants, mobile populations and travellers. National malaria control programmes need to take special measures to protect these population groups from malaria infection, taking into consideration their specific circumstances.
Here is some thought-provoking research around the concept of malaria and microorganisms if you want to be more enlightened about this concept feel free to click here(https://www.news-medical.net/news/20191217/Researchers-block-malaria-pa…) as this will help you with responding to your task.
Tuberculosis
let's look at Tuberculosis also known by its abbreviated name "TB".
What is tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis, or mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a type of mycobacteria that commonly infects the lungs. TB can be latent, in which it's dormant, or it can be active, in which it causes symptoms and can be contagious and very serious.
The following video tells you more.
Notes about what you learned from the above video can be found here: ( https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250 )
as it explains all you need to know about tuberculosis and the bacterium that causes it.
General information on Tuberculosis can be found here: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/tb.htm
Bar Graphs
One of the most important things that you need to learn in life sciences, is that you need to know how to draw graphs accurately, according to the information provided.
So what do you need to know about bar graphs? The following video that I need you to watch touches on those concerns.
More examples on bar charts on the concepts of tuberculosis can be found here: ( https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bar-chart-showing-default-rate-among-TB-patients-placed-on-DOTS-from-2006-2010_fig2_261098771 )
The following video provides some deep analysis on bar charts, as it is very important to know how to correctly create, analyse and interpret bar charts. It is one of the fundamental science tools to illustrate the scientific data that you have accumulated.
Evaluation
Your task attached will be evaluated and graded according to the following criterium based on your submission.
- Extra 10 points will be credited to the total mark of the task for correct analysis and interpretation of information and data provided.
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Grading Rubric Questions
Description Mark Allocation Question 1 1.1 Two statements given 2 1.2 One answer given 1 1.3 One answer given 1 1.4 Two statements given 2 1.5 Two statements given 2 1.6 One answer given 1 1.7 One answer given 1 Question 2 2.1 One answer given 1 2.2 Calculations shown 3 2.3)
Mark allocation of the graph Criteria Mark Allocation The correct type of graph 1 Title of the graph (has both variables) 1 Correct label and unit for x-axis and y-axis 1 Correct scale for Y-axis and correct width of bars and spacing between bars on X-axis 1 Drawing of the graph 1: 1 to 3 bars drawn correctly
2: All 4 bars drawn correctly
Conclusion
The task attached in total counts 20 Marks as stated and is converted to 30 in Grand Total, for interpretation and analysis of results submitted and response to questions. It counts towards your final term mark as well as your final end-of-year mark.
Look and analyse the information given carefully and enlighten yourself more about micro-organisms as it should form part of your basic Scientific Knowledge.
Please complete and submit in due time before or on the 3rd of September 2021 via google classroom.
Good luck!
Yours Sincerly
Mr. Linnert
Credits
Here are some of the resources that you can use, analyze, and interpret for your convenience in response to the task.
The Microbes in a mosquito's gut may help fight malaria: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/microbes-mosquito-s-gut-may-help-fight-malaria
Culturable bacteria associated with Anopheles and their paratransgenesis potential: https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-020-03574-1
Teacher Page
Any inquiries and questions regarding this lesson and task you are free to contact me via joharronj@gmail.com as I will be happy to guide you further. I wish you all the best Grade 11.
Joharron Linnert
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