Introduction
Plants reproduce in different ways or modes. Some plants reproduce sexually and some reproduce asexually.
Plant reproduction is the production of new offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent plants and each other, except when mutations occur.
Task
Direction: Identify whether the following plants produce SEXUALLY or ASEXUALLY.
Plants Mode of Reproduction
1. Papaya -
2. Banana -
3. Ginger -
4. Guyabano -
5. Sweet Potato (Camote) -
6. Guava -
7. Gabi -
8. Eggplant -
Process
Modes of Reproduction in Flowering Plants:
Sexual Reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the fertilization of male reproductive cell (sperm cell) and female reproductive cell (egg cell) of plants after pollination.
Almost 90% of the species in the plant kingdom are flowering plants or Angiosperms. Angiosperms have seeds that are enclosed in a container or case called ovary. These plants produce flowers. The flowers are the most distinctive feature of these group.
Example of plants that reproduce sexually:
Mango
Papaya
Tomato
Squash and other plants that bear fruit.
Pollination is the transfer of the pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. Plants sexual reproduction happens when pollen grains are transferred from the anther (male) into the stigmas (female).
Agents of Pollination:
*Wind *Insects *Birds *Animals *Humans *Water
Two Kinds of Pollination
• Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or of a different flower that belongs to the same plant.
• Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower that belongs to another plant but of the same kind.
Modes of Reproduction in Non-flowering Plant:
Asexual Reproduction is a reproduction in plants that do not involve the fertilization of sperm cell and egg cell. New plants can grow from roots, stems, and leaves of a parent plant. Vegetable propagation is a form of asexual reproduction where new plants are produced from one part of a parent plant.
Two Types of Asexual Reproduction
A. Natural Vegetative Reproduction is a process by which structural modification is done on the stem, root, or leaf, of a woody plant.
Bulb- is a round, fleshy stem found underneath the ground surrounded by fleshy leaves. Examples are Onion, Garlic, Lilies and Tulip.
Tuber- is an enlarged portion of an underground stem that contains stored food. Examples are Potato and Sweet Potato.
Rhizome- is a stem that grows horizontally underground. Examples are Ginger, Bamboos, and Lotus.
Shoots or Suckers- are small plants that grow around the main plant. These shoots grow their own roots and can be separated from the main plant. Examples are Banana plant and Gabi.
Runners/Stolon- is a horizontal stem with buds. It grows along the surface of the ground.
B. Artificial Vegetative Reproduction are methods that can be used which can artificially propagate plants:
Cutting- is any vegetative part of a plant-stem, leaf, or root used to produce a new plant. Examples are Roses.
Layering- a stem is bent over so that a part of it is covered with soil. After the covered part forms roots, the new plant maybe cut from the parent plant.
Grafting- two healthy stems from different plants are taken and put together. Roses, Oranges and Grapes can be propagated by grafting.
Marcotting- is done by removing a portion of the bark of a healthy stem. The exposed part of the stem where the bark used to be is covered with coconut husk containing a small amount of good soil.
How Fern, Moss, and Fungi Reproduce:
They reproduce by spore formation or sporulation. The spores germinate into new plants as they land on an environment with favorable conditions.
Evaluation
I. Direction: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following plants is grown from bulb?
a. Ginger c. Bamboo
b. Onion d. Potato
2. Which of the following plants is grown from seeds?
a. Potato c. Mango
b. Gabi d. Onion
3. The following plants reproduce sexually except:
a. Papaya c. Sweet Potato
b. Santol d. Lanzones
4. What type of reproduction involves the male and female reproductive cell?
a. Asexual Reproduction c. Sexual Reproduction
b. B. Natural Vegetative d. Artificial Vegetative
5. What do you call the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
a. Pollination c. Reproduction
b. Fertilization d. Asexual Reproduction
6. What type of pollination occurs when the pollen grain transfers to the stigma of another flower?
a. Self-pollination c. Cross-pollination
b. Reproduction d. Fertilization
7. The following are the agents of pollination except______.
a. Wind c. Sun
b. Water d. insects
8. What type of reproduction uses the part of the plant in propagating and not the union of sperm cell and egg cell?
a. Sexual reproduction c. Self-pollination
b. Asexual pollination d. Cross-pollination
II. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong.
_____1. There is only one parent plant involved in asexual reproduction.
_____2. Katakataka plant comes from rhizome.
_____3. Sexual reproduction involves only one parent plant.
_____4. Tomato plants can grow from shoots.
_____5. Pollination is important for fertilization to take place.
_____6. Bermuda grass grows a horizontal stem along the surface of the ground to propagate.
_____7. Artificial vegetative reproduction includes the following: bulb, tuber, runners, rhizomes, and shoots or suckers.
Conclusion
Plants reproduce sexually through pollination. Pollination happens when pollen grains from the anther are transferred to the stigma of a flower. Pollination can be self-pollination or cross-pollination.
Asexual reproduction in plants is the production of a new plant with only one parent involved. Also, can be done using the vegetative parts of the plant like roots and stems. Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the fertilization of male reproduction cell and female reproduction cell of plants after pollination.
Credits
Larisma, Evelyn T., Jan Jason M. Mariano Revised Edition 5. Science Links. Rex Book Store Sarte, Evelyn T., Ednaliza R. Garcia, Eliza A. Lopez, Mary Jean Dela Cruz, Harold Arradaza. 2016. Science Beyond Borders. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/pawannagar8/modes-of-reproduction
Teacher Page
MARIANNE NELLE P. TAGSIP
BEED-2