The Northern Renaissance

Introduction

The work of artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael showed the Renaissance spirit. All three artist demonstrated an interest in classical culture, a curiosity about the world and a belief in the human potential. Humanist writers expanded ideas about individuality. These ideas impressed scholars, students and merchants who visited Italy. By the late 1400's Renaissance ideas had spread to Northern Europe---especially England, France, Germany, and Flanders (Now part of France and the Netherlands).

Task

By 1450 the population of northern Europe, which had declined due to bubonic plague, was beginning to grow again. When the destructive Hundred Years' War between France and England ended in 1453, many cities grew rapidly. Urban merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists. This happened first in Flanders, which was rich from long-distance trade and the cloth industry. Then, as wealth increased in other parts of Northern Europe, patronage of artists increased as well. 

As you previously learned Italy was divided into city-states. In-contrast England and France were united under strong kings and queens. These rulers often sponsored the arts by purchasing painting and by supporting artist and writers. For example, Francis I of France invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France, and hired Italian artists and architects to rebuild and decorate his castle at Fontainebleau.

As Renaissance ideas spread they mingled with northern traditions. As a result, the northern Renaissance developed its own character. For example, artists were especially interested in realism. The Renaissance ideals of human dignity inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform based on christian values. 

TODAY YOUR MISSION IS TO EXPLORE THE RENAISSANCE AS IT STARTS TO SPREAD OUT OF ITALY.

 

Process