Characteristics of Life

Introduction

Biology

You will explore the characteristics of life, or what constitutes a living thing, and separates it from nonliving things.  Depending on the source, there are from six to about 12 major characteristics of living things.   

Write your answers on the webquest answer sheet:

posted here:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B0X2Hj6oCD4bNmQ1NXJBQjRHdHc&authuser=0

1. Name some things that are alive:

2.  Name some things which are not.  (This can be a little silly, not too silly.)

3.Are viruses alive? (Give me your thoughts about this. It's okay if you don't fully understand yet.)

Task

Go here:

http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/sciber00/7th/classify/living/2.htm

4 Name the six observable characteristics of living things:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Then go here:

http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/sciber00/7th/classify/living/quiz/livingqu.htm

And click on Living or Non-living for each of the objects.  Go back and forth until you have looked at them all.  See if you can list the characteristics of life about each object as you go.

Next you will watch a series of short videos and complete a data table about them.

If you have trouble viewing any of the videos, go here and click on them one at a time:

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/

You will have links to short videos with accompanying information.  You  will complete the data table using the videos and descriptions.

  1. On the data table, click on each category name in turn.
  2. Read the introduction, then play the video.
  3. Record one or more of the characteristics that you observe for each category and describe it on your data table.

Characteristics of Life Data Table

Category

Characteristics of Life

Description of Observed Characteristics

C. elegans

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/c_elegans.html

(Caenorhabditis elegans)

Video: Moving C. elegans

 

 

Sea Urchins

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/sea_urchins_div.html

(Lytechinus pictus)

Video: Sea urchin cell division

 

 

Sea Urchins

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/sea_urchins_fert.html

(Lytechinus pictus)

Video: Sea urchin fertilization

 

 

Blood Cells

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/blood_cells.html

Video: Human white blood cells

 

 

Cellular Structure and Function

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/cell_struct_funct.html

Video: Elodea leaf cells

 

 

Stem Cells

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/stem_cells.html

Videos: Compare Mouse embryonic stem cells—movie 1

with Heart cells grown from mouse embryonic stem cells—movie 2

 

 

Cell Motility

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/cell_motility.html

Video: Crawling Amoeba

 

 

Zebrafish

http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/zebrafish.html

(Danio rerio)

Video: Zebrafish development

 

 

 

(adapted from http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/students/Characteristics_Student.doc)

 

Conclusion

What’s Going On?

Defining "life" is a very difficult task, and scientists don’t all agree on a common list of the characteristics of life. Some of the other characteristics that you may discover in your research, and which are often listed in textbooks, include those listed below. Many of these traits are not limited to living things. For example, fire uses energy, grows, and can reproduce, but it is not considered alive in part because it cannot evolve; its traits are necessary, but not sufficient, for life.

NASA scientist Bruce Jakosky, in his book The Search for Life on Other Planets, provides a generally accepted definition of something being “alive” if it

1) utilizes energy from some source to drive chemical reactions,

2) is capable of reproduction, and

3) can undergo evolution. 

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Then review the following characteristics of life (now expanded)  also from http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging-station/activities/classroom/characteristics/ca_characteristics.php

Characteristics of Living Things

  • All organisms use energy (metabolism).
  • All organisms maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis).
  • All organisms detect and respond to select external stimuli.
  • All organisms can engage in movement (which may occur internally, or even at the cellular level).
  • All organisms show growth and development; that is, specialization of cells or structures. (Even unicellular organisms show a tiny amount of growth, and single cells repair and use materials from the environment to replace internal structures as needed.)
  • All organisms reproduce. (Even if an individual can’t reproduce, its species can.) In addition, an individual’s cells are constantly reproducing themselves.
  • All organisms have nucleic acid as the hereditary molecule. (some form of DNA)
  • All organisms show adaptation, which occurs at the individual level and is tightly related to homeostasis.
  • All organisms are made of one or more cells.
  • All organisms exhibit complex organization, grouping molecules together to form cells; at a higher level, cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.
  • All organisms exhibit evolution over time due to mutation and natural selection (which operates at the species level).
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