Life Sciences - Skeleton practical

Introduction

LIFE SCIENCES PRACTICAL - SKELETON 

NAME: 

SURNAME: 

TOTAL 30 MARKS

DUE DATE: 30 JUNE 2021 

GOOD MORNING GRADE 10's

I hope everyone is well and safe during this pandemic, we started using different platform to convey information to you. This is one of the platforms we would use for today's assessment (practical), it weighs 25% of your year CASS mark. 

The skeleton consists of 206 bones in the body. The skeleton serves as a protect gear to the organs and muscles. As you were taught in grade 10 the skeleton has many functions and needs nutrient which is calcium, potassium, magnesium and many more... 

Briefing: You will have to work individually and provide all evidence used.  

In this practical you will have to use prior knowledge as well as your current knowledge to observe and identify certain structures and their colours. 

Task

In this task you will have to dissect a chicken wing.

You will have to identify tendons, ligaments, muscles and other structural difference or similarities. 

 You will need: 

  • a butter knife 
  • an apron 
  • a cutting board 
  • a piece of chicken (preferably the wing)
  • scissors 
  • googles 

This is what your chicken wing should look like:

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fchickenwingdissection-140328160042-phpapp01%2F95%2Fchicken-wing-dissection-3-638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1396022485&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FFJHScience%2Fchicken-wing-dissection-32867001&tbnid=qjm4F4J3c73i5M&vet=12ahUKEwiXnu6uw9PwAhVH0eAKHanVAJIQMygCegUIARDHAQ..i&docid=-6-x4wPBk1Xb2M&w=638&h=479&q=chicken%20wing%20practical&ved=2ahUKEwiXnu6uw9PwAhVH0eAKHanVAJIQMygCegUIARDHAQ

 

Process

Procedure: 

1. Examine you chicken wing and it would have to be like the picture in the link above. 

2. Identify upper, lower wing and wingtip. 

3. Examine the wing and look where it was removed from the body.

4. Use a pair of scissors and cut down the middle of the skin, start at the top and end at the upper wing. Try not to cut or damage the muscle of the skin. Do this by piercing the skin the making a slit between the skin and the muscle.Cut until you reach the shoulder joint. 

5. Cut down the sides of the skin to make a t- shape cut. Start at cut number 1 and cut away from it in both directions. Now you will have to peel the skin and cut it loose. (PRECAUTION: the skin can be very difficult to remove so take your time and be very careful.) 

 

Observations 

Fat - look for a yellowish tissue clumped together beneath the skin. 

Muscles - observe these tissues will look like a bundle of pink pale cells. Find two muscles that allow the wing to bend and straighten. each muscle pulls in one direction (flexor muscle). since the flexor can not expand the muscle to push the bone back to straighten the bone another bone pulls in the opposite direction. Observe what happens if you hold the wing down and pull each muscle. 

Tendons - they are shiny white tissue at the end of the muscles that attach muscle to bone. Pull on the tendons to see how it assist the bone to move. 

Joints and Ligaments - two bones come together at a joint and the bend and straighten the elbow joint and observe how the bones fit together. ligaments connects bones to other bones at the joint. they have a white covering over the joint at the surface. Now identify the upper and lower wing and it's ligaments. 

Cartilage - between the bone is another shiny white material that is slimy. this is cartilage and it's function is to lubricate the joint so that it doe not grind or causing any trauma. 

This is the textbook information needed for this practical

https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10-lifesciences/support-systems-in-animals/06-support-systems-in-animals-041.

THE WING OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING AND COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW: 

Table 1: Observation Table

TISSUE  DESCRIPTION (Colour, Texture, etc...)  TISSUE IT ATTACHED TO 
Muscles  1.  a) 
Skin  2.  b) 
Fat  3.  c) 
Ligaments  4.  d)
Tendons  5.  e)
Cartilage  6.  f) 

                                                                                                                                                                        (12 Marks)

Evaluation

MAKING THE HUMAN CONNECTION 

With you LEFT HAND grasp something with a heavy weight and lift it such as a bag pack, thick textbook etc... Next step place your RIGHT ARM on your left arm and feel the movements of your muscles. Then slowly bend your arm approaching a 90 degree. You will then slowly straighten your left hand. Repeat the movements a few times. 

This image below shows the movement needed WITHOUT an object 

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.infobloom.com%2Farm-muscles-diagram.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobloom.com%2Fwhat-is-an-extensor-muscle.htm&tbnid=hX4XKVcqWkmeNM&vet=12ahUKEwjYpZqkitbwAhVF0oUKHYYYB9cQMygGegUIARDNAQ..i&docid=WO9s2PWmYmqi-M&w=785&h=800&q=human%20flex%20of%20the%20arm&ved=2ahUKEwjYpZqkitbwAhVF0oUKHYYYB9cQMygGegUIARDNAQ

2) Comparison question between human arm and chicken wing: 

 a) Which joint did you use to lift the weight? 

 b) Explain which muscle contracted and which muscle extended as it raised the weight? 

 c) Which bones in the arm moved? 

 d) Mention all bones found in the arm? 

 e) Which bones did not move at all? 

                                                                                                                                              (9 Marks) 

Conclusion

3) Write the definition of each of the following terms: 

3.1) Muscle

3.2) Bone 

3.3) Tendons 

3.4) Brain

3.5) Joints 

                                                                                                                                      (5 Marks) 

3.2) Using the terms above, explain how the the HUMAN or CHICKEN wing moves  (4 marks) 

Credits

References 

Teacher Page