Introduction
Integumentary System Definition
The integumentary system is the set of organs that forms the external covering of the body and protects it from many threats such as infection, desiccation, abrasion, chemical assault and radiation damage. IN humans the integumentary system includes the skin – a thickened keratinized epithelium made of multiple layers of cells that is largely impervious to water. It also contains specialized cells that secrete melanin to protect the body from the carcinogenic effects of UV rays and cells that have an immune function. Sweat glands that excrete wastes and regulate body temperature are also part of the integumentary system. Somatosensory receptors and nociceptors are important components of this ORGAN SYSTEM that serve as warning sensors, allowing the body to move away from noxious stimuli.
Task
- Define what is integumentary
- Discuss what ere the cell present in the integumentary
- Identify the 3 main part of the integumentary system
- label the part of the integumenmtary system
Process
Integumentary System Definition
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.
Functions of the Integumentary System
Each layer of the skin contributes to the overall function within the body. The most obvious role of the skin is to protect the body from external aggression.
Barrier Function
While the skin may seem like a delicate organ, its stupendous role becomes apparent after an injury removes the skin from a region. In fact, preventing infections and regulating body temperature are major challenges in burn victims. Layers of tightly bound, heavily keratinized, anucleated cells provide the first line of defense by forming a physical barrier. The mildly acidic nature of skin secretions also contributes towards preventing pathogenic colonization. Lipids secreted by the skin are another chemical barrier, preventing the loss of water, especially in dry or hot environments. Alternatively, the skin also prevents the body from bloating in an hypotonic environment. Finally, the integumentary system contains resident immune cells that are adept at clearing minor infections.
Thermoregulation
Sweat glands are necessary for thermoregulation, whether it is while working up a sweat during exercise or breaking a fever. Sweat allows the body to cool down. On the other hand, goosebumps arising from the contraction of arrector pili muscles can keep the body warm, especially in hairy mammals.
Excretion
Sweat and sebum also have an excretory role for water and fat soluble metabolites respectively. For instance, excess vitamin B from supplements is removed through urine and sweat.
Sensation and Chemical Synthesis
Nerve endings on the skin help in sensing touch, pressure, heat, cold as well as the nature and intensity of damaging stimuli. The skin is also necessary for the production of melanin that prevents damage from UV rays – whether it is a sunburn or skin cancer. Upon exposure to the sun, in addition to melanin production, the skin also synthesizes vitamin D that contributes to bone health and enhances bone density.
Diseases of the Integumentary System
Diseases of the integumentary system can arise from pathogenic infections, injury due to radiation, chemicals or from genetic disorders.
The most common bacterial infection of the skin is probably acne. Technically known as Acne vulgaris, it is usually a side effect of hyperactive sebaceous glands. This is particularly true during puberty, when the pores and glands of the skin can get clogged, leading to bacterial growth and infection. Some of these can be a part of the normal flora of healthy skin, while others, like Staphylococci can piggyback on an existing infection. While acne only causes mild discomfort, at the other end of the spectrum are diseases like necrotizing fasciitis, which can be deadly even with appropriate treatment.
Fungal infections of the skin are common especially in those regions where sweat and sebum collect for long periods of time, providing a rich environment for the growth of fungi. These could be along the waistband of trousers, the elastic regions in tight dresses or underclothes, and regions between the toes, when covered by unwashed socks or damp shoes. Fungal infections include athletes foot, yeast infections and ringworm infections. They are usually seen with ring-shaped or scaly rashes, redness, itching, blisters or with the thickening of skin. Dandruff is considered as both a bacterial and fungal infection of the scalp.
One of the most common viral infections is herpes. Herpes can spread through direct contact with body fluids. There are usually periods of remission, though even asymptomatic patients can transmit the virus. ‘Cold sores’ arise from oral herpes, forming blisters around the mouth.
The skin can also be subjected to genetic disorders like psoriasis or albinism. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder and albinism arises from a complete lack of pigments on the skin.
Finally, prolonged exposure to UV rays can result in sunburns or even skin cancer, especially in people with low melanin content in their skin.
CELLS IN THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
outer layer of the skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
comprise 8% of the epidermal cells and produce and secrete the pigment melanin
immune system cells that attack pathogens that enter the skin
Interesting Facts
- Rhinoceros horns are made entirely of keratin, while most animal horns have a bony core. Calcium deposits in the core make the horn strong. Surprisingly, the term ‘keratin’ itself arises from the Greek word for ‘horn’.
- Skin that has no hair is called glabrous skin. This is the skin that becomes crinkled when you spend too much time in the swimming pool.
- Goosebumps are caused by the contraction of small muscles called arrector pili.
- Heavy metals like mercury, arsenic and cadmium can accumulate in the hair and nails.
- Having a large amount of Vitamin A supplements can turn your skin yellow or even orange.
Related Biology Terms
- Acid Mantle – Thin, viscous film that has a pH about 5.0 which rests on top of the epidermis. Thought to have a protective effect against pathogenic attack on skin.
- Keratin Filaments – Fibrous structural proteins made of long filamentous chains of amino acids that are extensively cross-linked through disulfide bridges and therefore resistant to denaturation.
- Nociceptor – Sensory nerve cell that detects potentially damaging stimuli and mediates the perception of pain.
- Sebaceous Glands – Small glands that secrete sebum that maintains the water barrier in skin. It prevents dehydration through loss of water and lubricates the skin through oils.
Evaluation
1.What are the cells found int the integumentary and the function ?
2. what are the function of integumentary ?
3. what are the three main part of integumetary?
4. the part of the integumentary.
Conclusion
integumentary set as a covering and support to our body from the outside environment, therefore with out our skin their will be a big change in our life style .Imagine ourselves with out a skin .could we look like as beautiful as us having a skin? definitely no because for me we can't live with out our skin because if a person with out a skin ,All system will be affected and we can no longer live a normal life .we can,t touch object because because if we touch we fill hurt because it is directly attached to our inner muscle tissue.We can't go out because we don't have protection from direct sunlight and we cant live because we are prone to death because of the environment risk.
Credits
refferencess
wikipedia
quizlet.com
google.cobiology.com
Teacher Page
BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2
ALLAIN ROY ALMAZAN
BSE-3C
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
SEPTEMBER 11 2018